COLUMBUS WATER WORKS RATES FULL

These numbers include only those costs incurred to directly operate and maintain the generating plant. Operation and Maintenance ('O&M') Costs: PV O&M costs were in the neighborhood of $16/kWAC-year, or $8/MWh, in 2017. Overall price dispersion across the entire sample has decreased steadily every year since 2013 similarly, price variation across regions decreased in 2017. The lowest 20th percentile of projects within our 2017 sample were priced at or below $1.8/WAC, with the lowest-priced projects around $0.9/WAC. Installed Prices: Median installed PV project prices have steadily fallen by two-thirds since the 2007-2009 period, to $2.0/WAC (or $1.6/WDC) for projects completed in 2017.

COLUMBUS WATER WORKS RATES FULL

The median inverter loading ratio grew to 1.32 in 2017, allowing the inverters to operate closer to full capacity for a greater percentage of the day. While new fixed-tilt projects are now seen predominantly in less-sunny regions, tracking projects are increasingly pushing into these same regions. In a reflection of the ongoing geographic expansion of the market beyond California and the high-insolation Southwest, the median insolation level at newly built project sites declined again in 2017. Highlights from this year's edition include: -Installation and Technology Trends: The use of solar trackers dominated 2017 installations with nearly 80% of all new capacity. Given its current preeminence in the market, utility-scale PV also dominates much of this report, though data from CPV and CSP projects are also presented where appropriate. Drawing on empirical project-level data from a wide range of sources, this report more » analyzes technology trends, installed project prices, operating costs, capacity factors, power purchase agreement ('PPA') prices, the levelized cost of solar energy (LCOE), and the market value of solar. This report-the sixth in an ongoing annual series-provides in-depth data-driven analysis of the utility-scale solar project fleet in the United States. Two-thirds of all states, representing all regions of the country, are now home to one or more utility-scale solar projects. In 2017, the utility-scale sector accounted for nearly 60% of all new solar capacity, and is expected to maintain its market-leading position for at least another six years. solar market in terms of installed capacity since 2012. The utility-scale solar sector has led the overall U.S. And for wastewater utilities, the highest average annual wastewater price escalation rate was 10.2%, and the highest average annual wastewater de-escalation rate was -2.3%. Among water utilities, the highest average annual price escalation rate was 8.8%, and the highest average annual water de-escalation rate was -2.0%. These escalation rates were based on 87 water utilities and 46 wastewater utilities that reported data in at least two AWWA surveys with at least a five-year range between those two surveys and reported at least one AWWA survey in 2019 or 2021. This report also calculated aggregate average annual price escalation rates for the surveyed sample of water and wastewater utilities to be 3.1% and 2.7%, respectively. In the 2017 report, the average annual more » price escalation for the surveyed sample of water and wastewater rates were 3.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Statistical trends in the annual price escalation rates are also provided by the seven regions identified in Figure E.1. An annual price escalation rate was calculated for 113 water utilities and 76 wastewater utilities that reported at least two AWWA surveys across the past 13 years (i.e., 2008 to 2021) and at least a five-year range between those two surveys. Following the framework of the 2017 report, PNNL used the American Water Works Association (AWWA) water and wastewater rate surveys to gather historical rate data for water and wastewater utilities in the US, which were used to calculate a sample set of water and wastewater annual price escalation rates (Figure E.1). Annual water and wastewater price escalation rates are an important factor when conducting life-cycle cost analyses (LCCA) of water efficiency measures, which is required for Federal agencies. The 2017 report examined annual water and wastewater price escalation rate trends across the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). This report builds on the 2016 Water and Wastewater Annual Price Escalation Rates for Selected Cities across the United States report prepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the U.S.

Columbus water works rates